Friday, January 24, 2020
Steven King :: Essays Papers
Steven King "If you have an imagination, let it run free." - Steven King, 1963 The King of Terror Stephen Edwin King is one of today's most popular and best selling writers. King combines the elements of psychological thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal, and detective themes into his stories. In addition to these themes, King sticks to using great and vivid detail that is set in a realistic everyday place. Stephen King who is mainly known for his novels, has broadened his horizons to different types of writings such as movie scripts, nonfiction, autobiographies, children's books, and short stories. While Stephen King might be best known for his novels The Stand and It, some of his been published are his short stories such as "The Body" and "Quitters Inc". King's works are so powerful because he uses his experience and observations from his everyday life and places them into his unique stories. Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine, on September 21, 1947, at the Maine General Hospital. Stephen, his mother Nellie, and his adopted brother David were left to fend f or themselves when Stephen's father Donald, a Merchant Marine captain, left one day, to go the store to buy a pack of cigarettes, and never returned. His fathers leaving had a big indirect impact on King's life. In the autobiographical work Danse Macabre, Stephen King recalls how his family life was altered: "After my father took off, my mother, struggled, and then landed on her feet." My brother and I didn't see a great deal of her over the next nine years. She worked a succession of continuous low paying jobs." Stephen's first outlooks on life were influenced by his older brother and what he figured out on his own. While young Stephen and his family moved around the North Eastern and Central United States. When he was seven years old, they moved to Stratford, Connecticut. Here is where King got his first exposure to horror. One evening he listened to the radio adaptation of Ray Bradbury's story "Mars Is Heaven!" That night King recalls he "slept in the doorway, where the real and rational light of the bathroom bulb could shine on my face" (Beaham 16). Stephen King's exposure to oral storytelling on the radio had a large impact on his later writings. King tells his stories in visual terms so that the reader would be able to "see" what was happening in their own mind, somewhat in the same fashion the way it was done on the radio (Beaham 17).
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
History of Vernacular Language Essay
Spanish has one of the richest and longest histories of any of the worldââ¬â¢s languages. It is the fourth most-spoken language in the world after Chinese, Hindi and English. Native Spanish speakers exist throughout Europe, the United States, Pacific Islands and Africa (Penny, 2002). Spanish originated on the Iberian Peninsula which is located in the southwestern region of Europe. The vernacular language was not originally known as Spanish, it was referred to as Vulgar Latin. The Celts were a nomadic tribe from central Europe who moved into the peninsula towards the end of the sixth century (Penny, 2002). The Celts mixed with the peninsulaââ¬â¢s residents, the Iberians resulting in a new people known as the Celtiberians who spoke a form of the Celtic language. By the nineteenth century BCE, the region in southwestern Europe was known as Hispania and the inhabitants learned Latin from Roman settlers, traders and soldiers. Soon after the people in Hispania learned Latin, a new language was created as a mixture of the Celtiberians language and classical Latin (Penny, 2002). The new language became known as Vulgar Latin which developed into modern Spanish. Vulgar Latin was similar to classical Latin but implemented many words from other languages. Spanish started as a native language dialect spoken in the Castilian region of Spain. After many years of conquest, exploration and forced conversion, the people in the region spread the language to a worldwide vernacular. The Spanish language belongs to the Indo-European family of languages and the Romance language family as the language was greatly influenced by Latin. The anguage took many years to fully develop and spread because of the influence of other countries. Towards the end of the fourth century A. D. , Roman control over the Iberian Peninsula had significantly declined (Pimsluer, 2013). The fifth century brought on the rule of the Visigoths who spoke a German vernacular which made it difficult to communicate in Spanish. The Islamic people invaded Spain in A. D. 711 which led to the spread of Vulgar Latin throughout the Peninsula (Pimsluer, 2013). The Islamic people brought their culture and Arabic language to parts of Spain. The effects of the Islamic Moors conquest did not reach all parts of Spain which contributed to the spread of Spanish. Many residents borrowed from Arabic but the residents of the northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula preserved the Spanish language. The northwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula was often referred to as Castile and by the eleventh century A. D. , Castile had gained enough power to declare itself as a kingdom. The Castilian people spread south and east throughout the Iberian Peninsula in Spain and drove out the Islamic and Arabic presence. As the Spanish speaking people moved throughout the peninsula, they spread their language into the conquered territories as well as surrounding territories. The Spanish language was known as Castilian during that time period and was often considered a prestigious language (Lopez, 2007). By the end of the fifteenth century, Castile and the Spanish language ruled a large territory encompassing the peninsula, spanning from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. Latin had a significant influence on the development of Western languages as it led to the creation of many individual dialects. The Roman Empire gained power during the fourth century B. C and Latin spread throughout the Italian peninsula and the Mediterranean region. Speakers of Latin traveled in Europe and Central Asia which sparked new innovations in language (Sayre, 2013, pg. 264). Latin influenced the development of languages in the Western region of the world by serving as a basis for the creation of new languages. An example of this influence would be the use of Latin words in the Spanish language as a result of the Roman power in the Spanish peninsula. Native populations learned Latin first and then eventually developed new dialects and languages. Local residents often became bilingual in classical Latin and the newer language or dialect. Latin is the main foundation of languages in Western Civilizations. The languages spoken in Spain, Romania, Italy, France and Portugal were created from a hybrid form of Latin. Western languages were also influenced by other languages such as German and Arabic but the most significant influence remains Latin (Sayre, 2013, pg. 264). Without the Latin language, only a small number of the languages spoken today would be recognizable in their current dialects. Latin survived the fall of the Roman Empire and continued to be an international language for educated individuals and the socially elite. After the Middle Ages, the Western Hemisphere underwent a cultural Renaissance and many forms of Latin were transplanted into Western languages (Sayre, 2013, pg. 265). Not only did Latin serve as a basis for the Spanish language but it had a substantial impact on the development of languages in Western civilizations.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On The Body - 798 Words
People generally have a lot on their plate. Every day people either work, go to school, or even both. What keeps the human brain active during these hard tasks? Sleep is the answer to this question. What is sleep? Sleep is when the human body is unconscious. Once unconscious the body will restore the energy it needs for the next day. Sleep is vital to everyone. A human body needs sleep to restore the powers of the body. Some causes of being sleep deprived include a poor diet, stress, and hormonal imbalances. The effects of sleep deprivation include health problems, and depression. First of all, there are several causes of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can develop as a result of a poor diet and food allergies. Ingested stimulants such as caffeine and sugar are major contributors to sleep deprivation (ââ¬Å"Sleep Disordersâ⬠). Caffeine can remain in the body from 12 to 20 hours (ââ¬Å"Sleep Disordersâ⬠). Caffeine can be found in soft drinks, energy drinks, coffee, non-herbal tea, and even caffeine pills. Caffeine can cause insomnia, restlessness, anxiety, and headaches. These are all major reasons to why a person cannot sleep at night. Sugar is also a contributor to sleep deprivation. When a person eats a lot of sugar, their blood sugar increases, and then decreases rapidly. This can cause an imbalance of hormones. The increase of blood sugar and the imbalance of hormones can impair sleep. These can also cause an insulin rebound. An insulin rebound is when the body is overwhelmedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Sleep And Sleep Deprivation On The Body1267 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Effects of Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Has on the Body. Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about why we need sleep and what happens if you are sleep deprived. Thesis: Sleep is crucial for any living creature and lacking an adequate amount of sleep is detrimental to health. Introduction Attention Getter: Many of us will spend about a third of our lives sleeping, yet donââ¬â¢t know why we need sleep or how important it is for the body. Did you know you can die faster from sleep deprivation thanRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects On The Brain And Body905 Words à |à 4 PagesWhile loss of sleep must be required at times, sleep deprivation has become a problem worth addressing because it is a very common sleep disorder which can adversely affect the brain and cognitive function. However, It has many effects on a human brain such as depression, memory lapses or loss, and symptoms similar to ADHD. In order to identify what sleep deprivation is, it is necessary to understand how sleep is a necessity for the human brain and body. Sleep is the most important part of one sRead MoreSleep Deprivation Essay901 Words à |à 4 Pages Most teens do not know what sleep deprivation is, it occurs when a person fails to receive enough sleep at night. A teen need nine hours of sleep to not feel sleep deprived also to be well alert and rested for the next day. Its more than important to manage enough sleep for the next day or experiences regarding the effects of sleep deprivation will occur. Many teens definitely have experienced sleep deprivation and may not have known how serious it is along with how bad it can affect them. TeenagersRead MoreSleep Deprivation Persuasive Speech1577 Words à |à 7 PagesChronic Sleep Deprivation Introduction: A. Attention Getting Opening: Over the past ten to twenty years, academic demands placed upon college students have increased significantly, this has lead to an increase in workload and amount of time needed to study for a specific course. Today, college students represent the most sleep-deprived division of the population in the U.S. (Sleep and Memory). According to Gayla Martindale, 63% percent of the students who attend college do not get enough sleep, whichRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Teenagers939 Words à |à 4 Pagesextended schedule for teenagers can cause many problems such as sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation in teenagers can cause a lot of problems, in addition to that sleep deprivation is the leading cause of sleep disorders and depression. Sleep deprivation in teenager can have negative effects in their lives, especially academically and socially. There are different causes of sleep deprivation, two of the main causes are, Technology and Sleep Disorders. Teenagers in todayââ¬â¢s society students are plagueRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Health809 Words à |à 4 PagesHow does sleep affect health? Studies show that the body needs to receive 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. Many people especially in college, may only get half of this amount. Sleep deprivation is very common in the United States. What exactly is sleep deprivation you may ask yourself? Sleep deprivation is when you do not get a satisfactory amount of sleep. Effects of sleep deprivation are fatigue, weight gain/loss, and reaction time. Sleep deprivation is very common among teens and young adultsRead MoreCause And Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation1134 Words à |à 5 PagesEssay 4 Cause and Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation Cause and effect Essay Sleep deprivation Most people have at least stayed awake for the entire night once during their lifetime. This behavior is common amongst individuals enrolled in High School or pursuing University degree. One might wonder how lack of sleep for the night impact him/her. However, it has being proven that being awake for 24 hours has unpleasant effects on health.So why is sleep so important? How does lack of sleep impact oneââ¬â¢s moodRead MoreEffects of Sleep Deprivation881 Words à |à 4 PagesSleep is an essential part of life. Without sleep, the body does not get the energy that it needs to function. Yet a large amount of people do not get anywhere near the amount of sleep they need. Whether it is because of medical reasons or because there just is not enough time in the day, sleep deprivation is a major problem in todays society. The many people who do not get enough sleep usually end up suffering the consequences. No good can come from not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation hasRead MoreSle ep Deprivation : Symptoms And Treatments1417 Words à |à 6 Pagesexperiencing sleep deprivation or not having enough sleep will cause one to be frustrated. It is not a decent experience to have. Whenever we have sleep deprivation or have little sleep, we become less productive and not concentrated the next day. As these things happen, bosses will scold us or we will fail our tasks. While we fail, or get scolded, the mood at that moment is always annoying and unsatisfying. People who encounter with lack of sleep will know that having not enough sleep is the mainRead MoreThe Effects Of Food And Sleep Deprivation During Civilian1499 Words à |à 6 PagesBRIEF REPORT Effects of Food or Sleep Deprivation During Civilian Survival Training on Clinical Chemistry Variables Lars Stà ¥hle, MD, PhD; Elisabeth Granstrà ¶m, MD, PhD; Ewa Ljungdahl Stà ¥hle, PhD; Sven Isaksson, PhD; Anders Samuelsson, PhD; Mats Rudling, MD, PhD; Harry Sepp From the Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr L Stà ¥hle) and the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes (Dr Rudling), Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; the Department
Monday, December 30, 2019
Essay on Knowing Macau with Butlers Life Cycle Model
Knowing Macau with Butlers Life Cycle Model The following literature is suggesting that how a tourist destination can be analyzed with the help of Butlers Tourism Life Cycle Model. Butler (1980) introduced the concept of the model which clarifies and extends earlier work by, for example, Cristaller (1963), Noronha (1976) and Stansfield (1978). In doing so, Butler clearly links the development cycle of tourism destinations to that of products in the product life cycle model. This is one the best used management framework to know the evolution in a tourism destination as described by Baum (1998), the original Butlers model included: Ã⢠Recognition of dynamism within the tourism environment Ãâ" at the time of its inception, constantâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This re-assessment is to imperative for destinations in the UK and the USA (Cooper, 1992), now tourists are looking for new destinations and do suffering from boredom by knowing and visiting those destinations which are standing from decades. Macau, it is a new name in worlds recognized tourist destinations. As many tourists does not have any idea about this place (www.kvbc.com) and but rest knows this place as an Asias Las Vegas. Macao is a tiny special administrative region (SAR), a former Portuguese colony, not far ago returned to China (in 1999) under one country two systems model. In fact this tiny piece of land under Chinese rule has become more prosperous and capitalist than during the time when it formally was part of the West. In the years to come Macao may attract even more foreign capitals and people, and may even outshine Las Vegas as wor ld prime place for gambling. Despite what is developing as competition in other Asian countries, as far as Macao remains the only place in China where gambling is allowed, this tiny region can look to the future with optimism. (www.ired.com). Previously, the Macau had just a handful of casinos all owned by the same man. But now, many are under construction and with names that will be very familiar to everyone in Las Vegas. The Chinese economy and gambling restrictions are few of responsible attributes to develop this place as an emerging and a major gambling playground for adults. Minimum bets inShow MoreRelated: Knowing Macau with Butlers Life Cycle Model1773 Words à |à 8 PagesKnowing Macau with Butlers Life Cycle Model The following literature is suggesting that how a tourist destination can be analyzed with the help of Butlers Tourism Life Cycle Model. Butler (1980) introduced the concept of the model which clarifies and extends earlier work by, for example, Cristaller (1963), Noronha (1976) and Stansfield (1978). In doing so, Butler clearly links the development cycle of tourism destinations to that of products in the product life cycle model. This is one the best
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Working At Tacobell With A White Picket Fence - 999 Words
Jobs Iââ¬â¢ve Held I want to live the American Dream. I have the wife, but I also want the two children and the house with a white picket fence. To do so, I have to work. Since entering the workforce at the age of 16, Iââ¬â¢ve held many jobs working in food and beverage, fast food, and investment industries. Working in these industries has provided me with opportunities to work with different managers. All of the managers Iââ¬â¢ve worked with had different personalities and management styles. The purpose of this paper is to identify the management styles I encountered, the type of bosses they were, and the leadership styles they demonstrated. When I entered the workforce at 16, there werenââ¬â¢t many high paying jobs available for someone with absolutely no previous work experience. The only job available for me was in the fast food industry, so my first job was at TacoBell. Working at TacoBell, exposed me to my very first management style. The general manager was a small middle-aged woman named Lucy. Lucy was a very stern and straight forward. The sayingâ⬠you canââ¬â¢t teach an old dog new trick ââ¬Å"referred to her. District managers would come into the store to train the store over new menu items, and she would argue and openly disagree with the new changes and procedures taking place. Watching these actions on numerous occasions, I realized how much of a control freak she was because she would constantly disagree and tell her boss what should be done. Then to top it off, she wasnââ¬â¢t kind toShow MoreRelatedWorking At Tacobell, The, And Leadership Styles922 Words à |à 4 PagesJobs Iââ¬â¢ve Held I want to live the American Dream. I have the wife, but I also want the two children with the house that has a white picket fence. To do so, I have to work. Since entering the workforce at 16, Iââ¬â¢ve held many jobs working in food and beverage, fast food, and investment industries. Working in these industries has provided me with opportunities to work with different managers. All of the managers Iââ¬â¢ve worked with had different personalities and management. The purpose of this paper
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Bioportal Ch. 2 Study Guide Free Essays
1. Polar molecules A. have bonds with an unequal distribution of electric charge. We will write a custom essay sample on Bioportal Ch. 2 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. must form ions in water solution. C. have bonds with an equal distribution of electrical charge. D. have bonds with an overall negative charge. E. have bonds with an overall positive charge. Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:A Your Response:A 2. Hydrocarbons are _______ and _______, whereas salts are _______ and _______. A. nonpolar; hydrophobic; polar; hydrophilic B. nonpolar; hydrophilic; polar; hydrophobic C. polar; hydrophilic; nonpolar; hydrophobic D. polar; hydrophobic; nonpolar ; hydrophilic E. None of the above Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:A Your Response:A 3. The pH of coffee is close to 5 and that of pure water is 7. This means that A. coffee is more basic than water. B. water is more acidic than coffee. C. the H+ concentration of coffee is seven-fifths that of water. D. the H+ concentration of water is one-one hundredth that of coffee. E. the H+ concentration of water is one-hundred times that of coffee. Correct See Section 2. 4: What Makes Water So Important for Life? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:D Your Response:D 4. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an element and a molecule? A. An element is composed of atoms; a molecule is not. B. An element is composed of only one kind of atom; molecules can be composed of more than one kind of atom. C. An element is unstable; molecules are stable. D. Elements always have lower atomic weights than molecules. E. Elements exist in nature only as parts of molecules. Correct See Section 2. 1: How Does Atomic Structure Explain the Properties of Matter? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:B Your Response:B 5. Solid salt, NaCl, is neutral. When dissolved in water, NaCl A. remains as NaCl (does not dissociate). B. dissociates to form Naââ¬â and Cl+. C. dissociates to form Na+ and Clââ¬â ions that do not interact with water molecules. D. dissociates to form Na+ and Clââ¬â ions that interact with water molecules. E. does not dissociate, but interacts with water molecules. Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:D Your Response:D 6. Why is the pH of a 0. 1 M solution of acetic acid in water higher than that of a 0. 1 M solution of HCl in water? A. HCl is a weaker acid than acetic acid. B. The acetic acid does not fully ionize in water, but HCl does. C. HCl does not fully ionize in water, but acetic acid does. D. Acetic acid is a better buffer than HCl. E. Acetate (ionized acetic acid) is a strong base. Correct See Section 2. 4: What Makes Water So Important for Life? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:B Your Response:B 7. The reactivity of an atom arises from the A. energy difference between the s and p orbitals. B. potential energy of the outermost shell. C. average distance of the outermost shell from the nucleus. D. um of the potential energies of all electron shells. E. existence of unpaired electrons in the outermost shell. Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:E Your Response:E 8. Covalent bond formation depends on the ability of atoms to A. share electrons with other atoms. B. donate electrons to other atoms. C. receive electrons from other atoms. D. Both a and b E. All of the above Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:A Your Response:A 9. Which of the following structures molecules is incorrect? A. CH3ââ¬âNH3 B. CH2=CH2 C. CH3ââ¬âNH2 D. CH3ââ¬âNH3+ E. CH3ââ¬âCH3 Correct See Section 2. 3: How Do Atoms Change Partners in Chemical Reactions? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:A Your Response:A 10. What property of water contributes most to the ability of fish in lakes to survive very cold winters? A. Water is cohesive. B. Water has a high heat capacity. C. Frozen water is more dense than liquid water. D. Frozen water is less dense than liquid water. E. Water forms hydrogen bonds. Correct See Section 2. 4: What Makes Water So Important for Life? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:D Your Response:D 1. Water is essential to life. Which of the following physical properties of water affect(s) life in some beneficial way? A. Cohesiveness B. High heat capacity C. High heat of vaporization D. Ice is less dense than liquid water E. All of the above Correct See Section 2. 4: What Makes Water So Important for Life? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:E Your Response:E 12. Which o f the following interactions between atoms is the strongest? A. Hydrophobic B. Ionic C. Covalent D. van der Waals E. Hydrogen bonds Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:C Your Response:C 13. Given that Avagadroââ¬â¢s number is 6. 02 ? 1023, how many molecules of KCl would there be in 10ââ¬â13 liter of a 1 M KCl solution? A. 6. 02 ? 1036 B. 6. 02 ? 1010 C. 6. 02 ? 10ââ¬â10 D. 6. 02 ? 103 E. 6. 02 ? 1013 Correct See Section 2. 4: What Makes Water So Important for Life? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:B Your Response:B 14. For a covalent bond to be polar, the two atoms that form the bond must have A. differing atomic weights. B. differing numbers of neutrons. C. differing melting points. D. differing electronegativities. E. similar electronegativities. Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:D Your Response:D 15. Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is false? A. They occur when atoms combine or change their bonding partners. B. Energy may be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. C. Reactions may go to completion. D. Changes in forms of energy may accompany chemical reactions. E. The products of a chemical reaction are formed from the reactants. Correct See Section 2. 3: How Do Atoms Change Partners in Chemical Reactions? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:B Your Response:B 16. Propane (CH3ââ¬âCH2ââ¬âCH3), is considered a nonpolar molecule because A. it does not contain oxygen. B. carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities. C. it is a gas. D. it is flammable. E. it forms hydrogen bonds. Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:B Your Response:B 17. Isotopes of an element A. are always unstable and radioactive. B. have different numbers of protons. C. have the same atomic weight. D. have different numbers of neutrons. E. have different numbers of electrons. Correct See Section 2. : How Does Atomic Structure Explain the Properties of Matter? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:D Your Response:D 18. An element that contains ten protons and ten electrons is likely to A. form covalent bonds with another element. B. form ionic bonds with another element. C. be chemically inert (stable). D. be radioactive. E. be toxic. Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molec ules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:C Your Response:C 19. Rank the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and phosphorus (P) in decreasing order of the number of covalent bonds they usually form. A. C ; P ; N ; O ; H B. P ; O ; C ; N ; H C. P ; C ; N ; O ; H D. P ; C ; O ; N ; H E. P ; C ; O ; H ; N Correct See Section 2. 2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:C Your Response:C 20. The molecular weight of acetic acid is 60. How many grams of acetic acid would be required to prepare 10 ml of a 0. 001 M (1. 0 mM) solution? A. 6. 0 B. 0. 6 C. 0. 0006 D. 0. 06 E. 0. 006 Correct See Section 2. 4: What Makes Water So Important for Life? Points Earned:1/1 Correct Answer:C Your Response:C How to cite Bioportal Ch. 2 Study Guide, Papers
Friday, December 6, 2019
Managing People and Organizations Negotiation or Mediation
Question: Describe about the Managing People and Organizations for Negotiation or Mediation. Answer: Introduction Conflicts will be solved through negotiation or mediation. Let's talk here of the conflict from the psychological perspective. Not all conflicts can or should be resolved through negotiation or mediation. For most of conflict negotiation it is usually a good settlement mechanism. Sometimes it is desirable not to let the negotiation and conflict comes to the end. Negotiation is a process whereby interested parties resolve disputes, agree on courses of action, seeking individual or collective benefits or seek to obtain results that serve their mutual interests. Conflicts can be faced with other types of mechanisms such as: The denial of the conflict (leading to a postponement of the conflict).The more spontaneous and natural tendency is domination (actually subjects too often what they seek is to dominate, subdue or overcome the contrary). Domination is often not fully aware (nor other attitudes adopted). This occurs both because society supports and premium competitiveness from psychology and must change this attitude (Armbrust, 2000). Conflict theory Conflict theory (TC) comes from the world of military strategy. The classical scholars of conflict, from Tucdedes and Sun Tzu, Machiavelli to Marx and Von Clausewitz, focused on a specific aspect of the conflict: power. These mechanisms are alternative ways to solve conflicts. Almost all things are negotiable. But there are others that are not. The negotiable: almost everything. The non-negotiable: central or held beliefs (abortion, belief in gods, is the core beliefs we identify ourselves. Rubin criticisms: there are indeed core beliefs but often the meaning has to depend on how they are addressed or express.It is absolute when the objectives are completely different when what wins it loses one another. Often it is modulated by social and cultural mechanisms (Biech, 2008). It is relative positions are perceived as antagonistic, but are not completely opposed (there are some compatible issues, which have in common). Most of the incompatibilities are relative. Desiderative thought: anchored to desire, emotional. It is not a rational thought. Perversion of the conflict: impression formation, the ultimate expression of the mystification of the formation of impressions is the self-fulfilling prophecy (the formation of impressions can create realities: a thought causes a behavior to the other which is interpreted as the first thought and returns the erroneous thinking the other in the form of behavior, confirming the first erroneous thinking. Or something like that!) (Conflicts, 2010). Cognitive reactance: the emotional reaction usually undirected cut to an individual when they perceive that their freedom is inadequate or unfairly limited. Goodness Dispute The primary connotation of the term conflict is negative. When this issue is raised there are 2 large positions: Sociological (Frankfurt School): The conflict is good, because it is the engine of social change. For Marxists conflict equal expression of change Constructive or negative attitude towards finding solutions in conflicts and negotiations No matter how the conflict works, it is important how people act. If people have a negative attitude, the conflict will be negative and if positive would be a constructive conflict. The consequences have the same problem as the cause. There is talk in terms of values and a problem to wait out, so it is difficult to intervene in a conflict. Any dispute involves a number of risks; to the extent possible be minimized. Risks and alter the channels of communication and interactions, increased perceptual distortions and prejudices, promoting polarity and hostility, self-concept and self-image, reduced sense of efficacy, decreased work motivation, in the absence cooperation; increased effort and loss of work capacity or when the conflict transcends loss of credibility of the organization and trust between users (Dahms, n.d.). Some authors speak of negative elements rather than risk conflict. Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Questionnaire This model has an advantage: a questionnaire to measure what the general attitude of the individual to the conflict is made. Measure this kind of attitude in 3 different situations: If the conflict has a superior to a subordinate or equal to it. The styles are often insufficient. These are general styles of conflict because there are so many styles of conflict and ways to address them. This point refers to the type of conflict; the next point is how to deal with conflict. Social skills related to conflict Intelligence was taken as a good predictor of the ability to solve problems. He also spoke of the existence of a factor G, because it could think there was a break between the intellectual capacity of an individual and the ability of social action. Over time the need to develop a new element had; social intelligence, emotional intelligence. Different forms of behavior can be employed skills to deal with different types of problems or conflicts. And these forms can be trained: train behavioral patterns to resolve conflicts. There is a possibility that individuals learn skills to address specific problems (identify the problem, standardize the performance, performance testing). Social skills play a key role role-playing and case analysis. Both techniques are the main approach to training.Also in the field of conflict and negotiation they have studied the social skills that best suit each case: Assertiveness It has to do with "self-affirmation". Feeling a person who claims his desires, his ideas the person manifests herself consistent. With regard to conflicts, assertive person is manifested in a resolute way, seeks to solve the problems, addressed to resolve the conflict and tends to the domination of the other party. No waiver of the interests of one, but neither attempts to pass above the other. Negotiation Way of resolving conflicts of all kinds. To negotiate must be conflict and the parties must know and analyze it. It is the most effective social skills. The processes of conflict and conflict negotiation intermingle, are not linear. (No strings like occur, first conflict and then negotiating) Unions now prefer negotiations to confrontation. The system is what we have, but what we need to do is improve it. Johari window Model It is a technique used for knowing the relationship between two or more interrelated parties within a social set up. A very important element in the negotiating power: balance / imbalance of power. In the case of imbalance, one party is more powerful than the other. This is not a negotiation as it occurs in all terms because the powerful party imposes rather than negotiate. But it does not have to, because with external pressures can be a good bargain (Davies, n.d.). For a negotiation to work well has to be a balance of power (not to be a very large imbalance). Power, often viewed from a quantitative perspective (who has more) but can also be qualitative (ability to generate a good negotiation, to influence third parties, coalitions do ...). It is the bargaining power. The power can also be rebalanced institutionally (eg. In divorce law welcomes more women because it is believed more helpless because there is work ..., the law protects women and rebalance the power in this conflict). Communication and interaction process: negotiation in this process. Thus, the negotiation falls squarely in social psychology, but also studied from the law, economics, and human resources. is an interdisciplinary event. The assumptions are that It is a peaceful process of dialogue and communication. It does not support pressures. Until they do not end the negotiation does not start. There is no negotiation under pressure. Types of negotiation intrapersonal Control: cognitive dissonance. In informal negotiation roles is given by the agents of conflict. Formally, the role of president, representatives, and consultants .There are indispensable roles (the negotiator) and there are other sides (third parties, consultants). Emotional and Social Competency Inventory (ESCI) This is a multi- rater diagnostic tool that is designed to vary and weigh the social intelligence and emotional competencies. It helps to build interrelation boundaries in conflicts and negotiations. Relationship "mixed motive": negotiator meets a role conflict. It is an antagonist of the other party; it must grant and obtain (2 reasons) things about him, to resolve the conflict: paradox negotiator. Negotiation is a voluntary process: one retires when he wants. This will give you great flexibility and the parties make a joint decision not imposed (Daft Marcic, 2014). It is not a perceptually anchored process: it is assumed that when the parties perceive that they will not give more others, but it is a perception and not know if you really would yield more other or not. A point that is often overlooked, both in business and in personal interactions, is to recognize if we are in a favorable situation for negotiation. In general, most of the situations faced by the interests of the people are resolvable through negotiation. However, on a few occasions, we find ourselves in situations that are not resolvable from the conceptual framework of a traditional negotiation (Phan Baurain, 2011). Strengths and weaknesses Conflict as an opportunity. A conflict can be an opportunity. Positive aspects of the conflict: engine of change, perceived effectiveness, new communication channels, opportunity to learn negotiation skills, opportunity to promote cohesion and group identity, opportunity to improve interpersonal perceptions, promoting recognition of different views, contribution the creation of positive values (cooperation, competition, respect, participation, etc.) Behind every conflict there is always a change. Ask whether it is good to conflicts to bring about change, presents the problem of riding a little conflict is real, and it probably is not the right approach. The first thing is to know which aspects you want to change and not all change involves conflict. In principle conflict does not invigorates if this does not change. Conflicts, when unchecked, have a tendency to increase (increasingly large and difficult to control). It is not just a quantitative increase conflict, but appears in other psychological and social phenomena that make it even more complex (Mayer, n.d.).If, however, a possible negotiation situation, our fears and distrusts make us adopt positions that we build ourselves the worst possible scenario. Therefore, mistaking a negotiating situation with conflict management is a serious mistake that we can not afford. Then we analyze the aspects that distinguish negotiation and conflict and give some guidelines to address these situations. Areas of Capabilities Distinguish between negotiation and conflict In general; the conflict word is used as a conflict of interests. In fact, it is considered to negotiation as one of the MARC's (alternative methods of dispute resolution).Let us now use the word conflict in a similar sense to that used in battles, i.e. situations where traditional negotiations would not lead to a good end result. Similarly, in business and, more commonly, in the political, ambushes occur, that is, actions that the other party does not seek an agreement, but to provoke a strong, devastating effect that put in a situation advantage and often permanently eliminate our chances (Tieleman Buelens, 2012). How to tell when we are in a negotiation situation or conflict? Normally, for a negotiation situation it is of, we need two conditions or rules: Rule gain of the parties states that negotiation is seen as a process in which all parties will win something. It is also called the rule we all win. We consider that which no one of these rules will lead to a conflict in that ambush, as we indicated before met. Conclusion The application of the theory of conflict (TC) to work or personal relationships is not without controversy. Assimilation or use of techniques that have been used by the great military strategists contains a certain aspect of violence and possibly perversion that has overshadowed this theory for many years. Only in recent years, with the award of several Nobel prizes applications conflict theory to biology or economics; they have restored the position that should have occupied this branch of knowledge. Like any other tool, CT is capable of being used for a few ethical purposes. We are going to focus on the ethical use and both useful, which is to encourage negotiations (Mayer, n.d.). When a negotiation takes place, there are many tensions affecting the negotiators. Arguments happen from one side to another and it is possible that at some point, communication degrading and reach a point of tension that makes the relationship, as we indicated in the rule of common sense, left broken and disable the way of trading. References Armbrust, W. (2000). Mass mediations. Berkeley: University of California Press. Biech, E. (2008). The Pfeiffer book of successful team-building tools. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Conflicts. (2010). Cambridge. Daft, R. Marcic, D. (2014). Building management skills. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dahms, H. Mediations of social life in the 21st century. Davies, S. Johari's window. Dynes, R. (2008). Instant session plans for essential life skills. Lyme Regis, Dorset: Russell House Pub. Johari window. (2012). [Place of publication not identified]. Mayer, B. The conflict paradox. Nystuen, G. (2005). Achieving peace or protecting human rights?. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Pfetsch, F. (2007). Negotiating political conflicts. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Phan, L. Baurain, B. (2011). Voices, identities, negotiations, and conflicts. London: Emerald Group Pub. Phillips, B. (2001). The mediation field guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Tieleman, K. Buelens, M. (2012). Negotiations. Leuven: LannooCampus. Wall, J. (2008). Mediations in Cultural Spaces. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub.
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